Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Published on: July 15, 2016

Can I Keep My Car in Bankruptcy?

One of the common questions we get is whether or not someone filing bankruptcy can keep their car. The answer is Yes, but you do have to pay to keep it. How you do that depends upon how much equity is in the car, whether you own or lease, whether it is jointly owned, and whether you are current on the payments. The information below applies to Florida exemptions, the laws may be different in other states and you may still be governed by another state’s exemptions if you’ve recently moved to Florida.

Chapter 13: A Chapter 13 can be used to catch up on missed payments. It also can be used to value an underwater vehicle that you have owned for more then 910 days to what it is worth now. I’m sure you know this, but just in case, the phrase “underwater” means you owe more than it is worth. If you are current on payments, and the vehicle is worth more or equal to what you owe you would just “pay direct” and simply inform the court that you are continuing to make monthly payments. There is no need to reaffirm the vehicle, as the original credit agreement continues to exist throughout the bankruptcy.

Chapter 7: You can also keep a vehicle in a Chapter 7. In Florida, you are able to keep certain exempt property which includes $1,000 personal property, $1,000 vehicle equity, and a special exemption of $4,000 if you rent, or you do not own a home that you are keeping or otherwise receiving the benefit of a homestead. So if you are able to claim all three exemptions, for a single debtor, that would mean you can keep $6,000 worth of vehicle or belongings. Anything more than $6,000 you can make arrangements with the bankruptcy trustee to pay to keep. So for example, if your vehicle is worth $10,000, but you still owe $8,000, that means you have $2,000 in equity. If you also had $1,500 in personal belongings and $1,000 in the bank, you would have a total of $4,500 which would fall with the allotted $6,000 exemption. You could keep the vehicle and just continue to make the payments. In order to do so, the creditor will require you to sign a reaffirmation agreement which is essentially a new agreement to pay for the vehicle. The terms are generally the same although in some cases the amount owed or interest rate can be negotiated down.

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Published on: January 18, 2016

Under What Circumstances Can a Creditor Continue to Report a Debt Following a Bankruptcy?

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

The FTC guidelines state that credit reports can include debts discharged in bankruptcy so long as they’re reported as discharged with a zero balance. 16 C.F.R. 600 app. § 607(b)(6). See also Schueller 559 Fed.Appx. at 737; Horsch, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 37476, 2015 WL 1344836, at *10. The only guidance on this at all close comes from the Federal Trade Commission regulation. It states, “A consumer report may include an account that was discharged in bankruptcy (as well as the bankruptcy itself), as long as it reports a zero balance due to reflect the fact that the consumer is no longer liable for the discharged debt.” 16 C.F.R. 600 app. 607(b)(6)(2010).

For more information about how a bankruptcy filing will affect you, please contact us at Arkovich Law

Published on: January 14, 2016

Loan Mods Often Easier in Bankruptcy – Ch 7 or Ch 13

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

We are still doing loan mods for our clients – three alone this week – one in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy and two outside of bankruptcy. One has the docs to sign, another was presented with options including a principal reduction, and the other should be finished with underwriting and accepted in less than 30 days.

The June 2015 MHA Handbook Ver.4.5, revised on January 6, 2015 to Ver. 5.0, covers some of the procedures to be followed for borrowers who have filed bankruptcy and are seeking a loan mod to keep their home:

8.5 Borrower in Bankruptcy Borrowers who are currently in a TPP and subsequently file for bankruptcy may not be denied a permanent modification on the basis of the bankruptcy filing. The servicer and its counsel must work with the borrower or borrower’s counsel to obtain any court and/or trustee approvals required in accordance with local court rules and procedures. Servicers should extend the TPP as necessary to accommodate delays in obtaining court approvals or receiving a full remittance of the borrower’s trial period payments when they are made to a trustee, but they are not required to extend the trial period beyond two months, resulting in a total five-month trial period. In the event of a trial period extension, the borrower shall make a trial period payment for each month of the trial period including any extension month.

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Published on: June 10, 2015

Cannot Use Bankruptcy Court to Collaterally Attack State Court Foreclosure Judgment

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

bankruptcy keyboard.jpg Sometimes our Florida foreclosure defense clients wait too long to challenge a foreclosure. This is the primary reason why we attorneys always post advice and blog incessantly about not letting a mortgage company get a default judgment or challenging a default if one occurs.

However, a client can also wait too long on the back end to challenge a final judgment. In Branch Bank & Trust Co. v. Michael’s Enterprises of Virginia, Inc., 519 B.F. 916 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2014), a homeowner waited until a week after the sale and sought a temporary injunction which was denied. The sale proceeded and several months later the debtor refused to vacate the property and filed bankruptcy.

In the bankruptcy, the debtor attempted to collaterally attack the judgment already entered. Claims cannot be re-litigated, they can only be appealed. The Court awarded sanctions against the debtor, its shareholder and its legal counsel for $10,000. The debtor in this case attempted to argue that the foreclosure sale was a fraudulent transfer because it was for less than 70% of the market value. This argument failed to impress the U.S. Supreme Court in BFP v. Resolution Trust Corp., 511 U.S. 531 (1994) which was followed by the bankruptcy court.

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Published on: May 27, 2015

Tax Intercepts, Wage Garnishment, Payroll Loan Deductions: How Can a Debtor Afford to File Bankruptcy?

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

Bankruptcy filings are down substantially in 2014 to only 910,090 which is the lowest number since 2007. Yet at the same time, people are still losing their homes especially in Florida, wages are flat or down and the cost of living continues to rise other than gas which isn’t too bad).

So why are the bankruptcy filings down? Well in some areas, the economy is picking up. Interest rates to carry debt remain low. But overall, I think some of this has to do with the fact that people cannot even afford to file. Many folks in the Tampa Bay area come to us to file when they receive a tax refund – but this year, many people had their tax refund intercepted due to defaulted federal student loans.

There is a way to file bankruptcy on the creditor’s dime that no one really talks much about: talking to an attorney about pursuing debt collection violations. Not all bankruptcy attorneys do this, so you need to talk with someone who actually sues for creditor violations plus files bankruptcy.

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Published on: May 1, 2015

National Collegiate Student Loan Trust Case Barred by Florida Statute of Limitations

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

Great news for Florida consumers with student loans! On April 21, 2015, the Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division, Bankruptcy Court issued a ruling on behalf of our client that a National Collegiate Student Loan Trust would be barred from pursuing student loans in Florida because the five year statute of limitations had expired. In doing so, the Court entered Final Judgment in favor of our client.

However, NCSLT apparently did not like this ruling and has subsequently filed an appeal. As neither party has submitted briefs yet, the outcome of the appeal remains unknown and should be resolved in approximately 4-6 months or less.

These clients owe a devastating $161,000 in private student loans. They also owe only about $20,000 in federal loans for which payments are current in a repayment program. However, prior to hiring us, these clients were not presented with realistic payment terms from the private lender. The household income for this family of four is only $40,000 as they have two young children and the wife stays at home to care for them.

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Published on: January 22, 2015

Bankruptcy Relief for Student Loans May Be Changing?

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

student loan reform.jpg Today, a legislator introduced a bill to treat student loan debt as other unsecured debt in a bankruptcy filing. This would be huge! As everyone knows, a bill isn’t a law and it could be awhile, but if this gains steam, we may have some relief for graduates over the past 20 years who are facing student loans that the new governmental forgiveness programs don’t cover.

Rep. John K. Delaney, D-Md., introduced the Discharge Student Loans in Bankruptcy Act (H.R. 449) on January 22, 2015. The bill itself can be found here. This link can also be used to track its progress through the House, Senate and finally the President if it makes it through. I just checked the link and the text of the bill isn’t up yet, but it should be in a couple days. I’ll be curious to see how it is worded and other legal commentators’ opinions of its likelihood of passage.

Presently, the burden to discharge student loans is not easy. The Brunner standard of what it takes to show an undue hardship is very difficult to meet. However, this 1987 case is starting to come under fire because of the impossible standards imposed. Over the past year, there have been approximately a dozen federal cases providing a framework for a new standard allowing for discharge of student loan debt. Brunner has some competition now.

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Published on: November 22, 2014

Debtors’ Ability to Strip Second Mortgages: the Door May Be Slammed Shut Soon so File Now!

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

door shut.jpg As a Florida consumer bankruptcy attorney, we have been able to remove and strip off second mortgages due to the 11th Circuit’s decision in McNeal a couple years back. It is the only Circuit in the country that allows for a second mortgage lien to be stripped from homestead property. The key has been to show that the home does not have value over and above the amount owed on the first mortgage.

Bank of America, N.A. has an appeal in the works that the U.S. Supreme Court has just accepted for review per DS News.

So the window may be closing. Anyone who wants to strip their second mortgage on their home should contact a bankruptcy attorney right away — in case the court starts staying cases pending the appellate review, or in the event that the U.S. Supreme Court rules against homeowners.

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Published on: September 14, 2014

Watch out for Scam Bill Collectors Calling after a Bankruptcy is Filed

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

I don’t know if this is occurring to our Florida bankruptcy clients, but I imagine it is. The ABI

I have a warning for you about scam bill collectors. Criminal gangs are posing as law enforcement officials. They are calling people and emailing phony threats to collect on fake debts that you do not owe. They pose as bill collectors. But they’re not. They’re thieves. During the past 2 weeks, one attorney colleague has heard from at least five former clients who got these calls. The description is always the same. The caller will identify himself as a government official. The caller will proceed to tell you that they have a warrant for your arrest for bank fraud. You will be given an opportunity to pay an immediate cash settlement to avoid being arrested. These callers are thieves. They work out of telephone boiler rooms. Most are probably overseas, where they hide and avoid detection. The callers usually have a heavy foreign accent.

How Scam Bill Collectors Target You.

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Published on: May 22, 2014

Medicare Liens and ObamaCare: Florida Homestead Protected

By Christie D. Arkovich, P.A.

The Affordable Care Act has caused millions of people to sign up for Medicaid for the first time. Medicaid is a program of free health insurance provided to low to no income individuals. Although the care itself is free, there is a lien against estate assets for any Medicaid payments made for any individual who received benefits after he or she reaches 55 years of age. This includes a lien against their home.

In some states, a Medicaid lien will result in the loss of a homestead to the government. This is one of those unintended consequences we hear about. However, in Florida, we do not have to worry about a Medicaid recipient’s house being taken. This is because of the Florida homestead laws.

For additional questions and consultation on debt related issues, please consider contacting Arkovich Law