Rather than simply leaving these loans on hold to accrue capitalizing interest in a Chapter 13, the SLMP is designed to enhance communication and availability of available options and end needless forbearance which causes larger loan balances. For instance, a Debtor who owes $100,000.00 in student loans with an interest rate of 8% ends up owing over $148,000.00 after a five-year plan if the loan is simply put on hold. The Portal is also designed to accommodate settlements of private student loans via a mediation. The automatic stay will be lifted as to matters addressed via the portal.
In a similar vein, in 2010, the MDFL implemented a Mortgage Modification Program to assist debtors in seeking mortgage modification. The MMM program uses a portal to exchange documentation and communicate with mortgage servicers. It has been a great success, has reduced litigation and is recommended by mortgage creditors as a “model” for bankruptcy loss mitigation programs. It has been duplicated in many bankruptcy courts across the country and has saved thousands of borrowers from homelessness.
Neither the MMM program nor the SLMP program REQUIRE servicers to modify these loans. In contrast, they merely encourage the parties to communicate in an effective manner using a Portal for transparency. Our experience has been when a Debtor files bankruptcy they are unable to submit the applications through the student loan servicer’s website and only the Debtor receives notifications of the progress of the process. Without an advocate on their side, loan balances continue to rise, as Debtors fail to take advantage of various forgiveness programs, or inadvertently default, which adds an additional 25% in collection costs to the often already high balance.
Why is there a need for such a program?
In 2017, the CFPB and five State Attorneys General filed a lawsuit against the largest of the Department of Education’s (“ED”) Servicers, Navient, in which they alleged that Navient misallocated payments, steered borrowers away from Income Driven Repayment Program Plans (“IDR”), and failed to provide clear information on how to re-enroll in IDR plans.
According to an Inspector General’s Audit of Federal Student Loan Servicers, it was found that 61% of the time, student loan servicers are non-compliant with Federal Loan Servicing Requirements regarding forbearances, deferments, income driven repayment plans, etc. (February 12, 2019 ED-OIG/A05Q0008). We believe it would be beneficial for the Debtors to have their own advocate to review their options with them and then apply for the appropriate programs.
The report states that one of Federal Student Aid’s (“FSA”) objectives is to include the implementation of processes, tools, and methods that serve to protect the interests of students, and support FSA in making service providers accountable. The objective further stated that FSA would ensure that its processes for resolving student issues are simple for customers to use and sophisticated enough to capture insights that can be used to refine student aid operations. SLMP has all of these ideas wrapped into one program.
To us, this is a replay of the mortgage crisis; there are affordable student loan repayment plans available from the government, but student loan servicers have not been able to properly assist borrowers just as the mortgage servicers were not able to do so. Additionally, there are multiple student loan repayment plans and at times they are very confusing to borrowers. This led to the idea that we could use the same MMM process when debtors have student loan debt.
This is largely needed as Congress’ intent is for Debtors in bankruptcy to receive a “fresh start”. Since most student loans are non-dischargeable, this is not the result when Debtors have student loan debt. We believe a process is needed that works for all parties to assist Debtors to enter into an available “IDR”. This would ultimately provide a greater income stream for the government as student loans currently are abated during bankruptcy and receive very little pro-rata distribution from the Trustee. This program will encourage Debtors to enter into repayment plans which will result in increased distribution from the Trustee, and such repayment will match the lender’s requirements in the Department of Education’s process.
We all agree that there are significant problems Debtors face when they are in a bankruptcy case that has federally guaranteed student loans. Leaving this to the debtors to figure it out on their own, using the Government’s website is not working. Leaving it to the servicers, who do not represent the borrowers, is not working. Leaving Chapter 13 borrowers in forbearance, for five years, is not working. It is time that we stop abating these loans and start making progress towards a “fresh start” and not a “false start” when it comes to student loans. As acknowledged, ED and its Servicers place these loans on a “HOLD” while in bankruptcy. This needs to change. A Debtor who owes $100,000.00 in student loans with an interest rate of 8% ends up owing over $148,000.00 after a five-year plan. This is a sad state of affairs that needs to be fixed.
Just lifting the bankruptcy automatic stay alone will not work. The Court and the Trustee must supervise the Debtor’s Chapter 13 plan payments, considering many factors such as disposable income, unfair class treatment and feasibility to name a few. The Government and the Debtor cannot resolve these issues by themselves, it must be within the confines of the bankruptcy process. We believe SLMP is the best way to achieve this goal.
Christie D. Arkovich
Student Loan Committee